塔里木裂腹鱼(Schizothorax biddulphi Günther)是塔里木河水系的特有种，于1998年被列入《中国濒危动物红皮书——鱼类卷》，2004年被列为新疆Ⅱ类重点保护物种。自上世纪50年代至今，塔里木河由九大水系退减到四源一干的格局，加之沿河流域修建了大量水库与河坝，塔里木河流域生态系统出现急剧和间歇性破碎。塔里木裂腹鱼自1960年始因生态环境破坏，自然资源显著下降，目前已临近濒危。本课题拟从喀什噶尔河、渭干河、克里雅河、米兰河及车尔臣河5处片断化生境中调查塔里木裂腹鱼资源，监测5条河流的水文水质指标；采集塔里木裂腹鱼样品，分析不同片断化生境中塔里木裂腹鱼的形态结构差异；并采用mtDNA控制区及微卫星位点，分析不同片断化生境中塔里木裂腹鱼的遗传多样性，探讨生境片段化对塔里木裂腹鱼遗传结构的影响。该项目的开展对塔里木裂腹鱼种质保护和资源开发利用具有重要的理论与实践指导意义。

Tarim schizothoracin (Schizothorax biddulphi Günther) is an endemic fish species to Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. It was rated as Endangered in the 1998 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals of China in 1998 and considered as the Class II protected species in Xinjiang Autonomous Region in 2004. Since the 1950s, Tarim River basin ecosystem appear sharply and intermittent broken. The area of Tarim River was decreased to four from nine water system. At the same time, there are a lot of large reservoirs and dams were constructed. The population of S. biddulphi has declined dramatically since the 1960s because of the broken ecosystem. This project prepare to investigate the resources of S. biddulphi from Kashigaer River, Weigan River, Keliya River, Milan River, and Cheerchen River, monitoring the hydrology and water quality index; Analysing the morphological structures, the mtDNA control area and microsatellite loci on the genetic diversity of S. biddulphi in different fragmentized habitat. Exploring the habitat fragmentation how to effect on genetic structure of S. biddulphi. The project has an important theoretical and practical significance for protecting the germplasm resources, development and utilization of S. biddulphi.