高温热害频发，造成大面积水稻减产，已成为影响我国南方稻区水稻安全生产的最主要气象灾害。定位并克隆水稻耐热性状基因，培育耐高温的水稻新品种是增强水稻抗高温能力和提高产量稳定性的最有效途径。申请人前期利用以籼稻品种“特青”为背景的元江普通野生稻渗入系，通过苗期耐热性鉴定，在第1染色体定位到一个来自元江普通野生稻的耐热性状相关主效QTL（qHTS1），目前该基因定位在一个约400kb的区间内，并筛选出一个携带qHTS1的热敏感渗入系YIL106，构建了该渗入系与特青的次级分离群体。本项目将在此基础上，克隆耐热性状HTS1基因并鉴定其生物学功能，探索该基因在热胁迫下可能参与的调控途径，研究HTS1基因在水稻驯化过程中的变化和选择规律。研究结果不仅为揭示水稻耐热遗传调控与驯化的分子机理提供重要参考，也为培育耐热水稻新品种提供新的基因。

In recent years, heat stress occurring more frequently in China, has been a severe problem that has negative effects on rice production and ecological environment. It is an efficient way to improve the heat stress resisitance of rice by mapping and cloning heat tolerant genes and cultivating heat tolerant varieties. By using a set of introgression lines, derived from a cross between Yuanjiang common wild rice(O. rufipogon Griff.) and an Indian cultivar Teqing(Oryza Sativa L.), the QTL qHTS1 was detected in chromosome 1, the O. rufipogon-derived alleles increased sensitivity to heat, and a heat sensitive introgression line YIL106 was obtained. The YIL106×Teqing was used to build sub-backcross segregating populations and fine mapping HTS1. In this study, the HTS 1 gene from common wild rice will be fine-mapped and cloned, its function and the possible signal transduction which the HTS1 may be involved in under heat stress will be explored, and also the molecular evolution of HTS1 during rice domestication will be analyzed. The results will not only play a vital role in revealing the mechanism of heat-tolerance in rice, but provide new genes for heat tolerant varieties.