中文摘要
慢性便秘患病率高,对生活质量影响很大,但顽固性便秘治疗方法有限。研究表明,结肠电刺激能够促进结肠传输,改善便秘症状。急性电刺激可能通过调节氮能或胆碱能神经直接促进肠道运动,产生即时效应。慢性电刺激有望使慢性便秘患者病情得到持续缓解,但其作用机制尚不明确。我们推测慢性结肠电刺激可能通过调节神经营养因子、脑肠肽及其受体,影响肠神经系统-Cajal间质细胞-平滑肌网络,持续改善肠道的运动。为验证该假设,本课题以比格犬为研究对象,腹腔镜下在近端及远端结肠各放置一对浆膜下电极,在便秘模型的基础上进行慢性电刺激/假刺激,检测结肠神经细胞、Cajal间质细胞、平滑肌细胞的形态分布数量变化,以及神经营养因子、脑肠肽及其受体在这些细胞上的表达与分布状态,分析以上指标与胃肠传输、排便及摄食情况的相关性。探讨慢性结肠电刺激治疗便秘的作用机理,为其临床应用提供实验基础。
英文摘要
While chronic constipation has a high prevalence and a significant impact on quality-of-life, there are limited treatment options for intractable constipation. Studies have shown that electrical stimulation can promote colonic transit and relieve symptoms of constipation. Acute electrical stimulation may directly affect nitrergic or cholinergic nervous system to promote bowel movement instantly. Though chronic electrical stimulation may improve bowel movement chronically and continually, the mechanism is still unclear. We hypothesized that chronic electrical stimulation of the colon may regulate through gut-brain peptides and neurotrophic factors and their receptors, then have effects on the network of enteric nervous system-interstitial cells of Cajal-smooth muscle cells to improve bowel movement continually. To test this hypothesis, we plan to embed one pair of electrodes at both proximal colon and the rectosigmoid junction of Beagle dogs. The effects of colonic electrical stimulation will be observed on gastrointestinal transit, defecation and food intake. Sham stimulation will be used as control in experiments. Then the animal models of chronic constipation will be developed. Morphological changes of colonic nerve cells, interstitial cells of Cajal, and smooth muscle cells, and the expression of gut-brain peptides, neurotrophic factors and their receptors in these cells will be observed. Changes in gastrointestinal transit, defecation and food intake will also be observed. The aim of our study is to investigate the mechanism and to provide an experimental basis for clinical application of colon electrical stimulation on chronic constipation.
结题摘要
慢性便秘对生活质量影响很大,但治疗方法仍有限。结肠电刺激能够促进结肠传输,改善便秘症状,但其作用机制尚不明确。我们推测慢性结肠电刺激影响肠神经系统、神经营养因子、脑肠肽,进而改善肠道运动。本课题为验证该假设展开深入研究。第一部分,以比格犬为研究对象,腹腔镜下在近端及远端结肠各放置一对浆膜下电极,分别进行不同刺激模式(波宽恒定模式、波幅恒定模式)以及不同刺激部位(近端结肠刺激、直乙交界刺激、双部位刺激)的比较。根据动物的症状反应以及对犬胃肠传输、排便频率、大便性状和摄食的影响进行筛选,得出波宽恒定模式是一种较合理的个体化参数筛选模式,依次激动近端结肠及直乙交界的双部位刺激是一种较为理想的结肠电刺激模式。第二部分,采用双部位波宽恒定模式,并筛选个体化刺激参数,在便秘模型的基础上进行电刺激/假刺激。评价电刺激对GITT、CTT、排便频率和大便性状、血清脑肠肽的影响,检测结肠组织Cajal间质细胞的分布数量变化,以及神经营养因子(NT-3 GDNF、BDNF)、脑肠肽(VIP、SP、NOS)及其受体的表达与分布状态,光镜下观察肠壁组织结构及炎症反应情况,并观察阿托品或L-NNA对电刺激的影响。得出与假刺激相比,电刺激显著缩短了GITT和CTT,显著高了排便频率,增加了大便性状得分。刺激组的血清GAT较假刺激组升高,VIP较之降低。阿托品和L-NNA均可显著延长结肠电刺激时的 GITT、CTT 并降低大便性状评分, L-NNA 还显著降低了排便频率。光镜下观察电极周围组织无严重的炎症反应,组织相容性较好。综上,本研究探索了更合理的刺激模式,并提示结肠电刺激对肠神经系统、脑肠肽产生影响,为结肠电刺激治疗便秘的的临床应用提供实验基础。
