雌全同株是被子植物从雌雄同花向雌雄同株异花进化的重要阶段，在减少昆虫对雌性的取食和伤害、提高异交率、减少雌/雄功能干扰、提高雌/雄功能间资源分配的灵活性以及吸引传粉者等方面具有重要的进化意义。异翅独尾草是分布在新疆古尔班通古特沙漠固定和/或半固定沙丘上的、具两性花-雌全同株性系统的多年生早春短命植物。本项目通过对其不同居群中大/小植株总状花序上雌花和两性花的花部特征、雌花数目及其与植株大小的关系、雌花和两性花的交配系统及其所形成的种子在萌发特性、幼苗耐旱性与存活率及生长速率等特性的深入研究，揭示该物种雌全同株的植株大小依赖性，验证该性系统在促进异交等方面的进化适应意义，探讨这些特征对后代适合度的影响。有关研究成果不仅可为探讨该物种在繁殖特性上对沙生环境的适应对策、并为全面揭示被子植物雌全同株性系统的进化适应意义提供重要理论依据，还可为古尔班通古特沙漠植被的保育提供重要的理论资料。

Gynomonoecy is an important step in the evolution of monoecy from hermaphroditism in angiosperms. The sexual system of gynomonoecy is considered to play several important roles, including reducing herbivore damage to pistils, reducing inbreeding depression by favoring out-crossing and pollen-pistil interference, enhancing the flexibility of resource allocation to male and female functions in two flower types, and attracting pollinators. Eremurus anisopterus is perennial and ephemeral herb that grows on fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes of the Gurbantunggut Desert of Xinjiang and with a hermaphrodite-gynomonoecious sexual system. In this project, we investigate the floral traits of female and perfect flowers on hermaphroditic and gynomonoecious individuals, relationship between the gynomonoecious sexual system and plant size, mating system of two morphs of flowers, and germination characteristics and seedling growth of seeds from both female and perfect flowers. The results of the study could help us in exploring the size-dependent gynomonoecious of this species, and discussing the effect of these characteristics on their offspring fitness. This research will provide important reference for evolutionary significance of gynomonoecy for angiosperms and provide a theoretical framework for vegetation conservation in Gurbantunggut Desert.