叶尔羌高原鳅(Triplophysa (hedinichthys) yarkandensis(Day))为塔里木河水系特有鱼类，塔里木河至上世纪50年代以来，由九条源流河退减到现阶段的四源一干，且沿河流域大量水库、河坝修建致使原河流水域出现急剧和间歇性生态破碎，叶尔羌高原鳅目前作为塔里木河流域唯一分布最广的土著性鱼类，现阶段由于塔里木河水域生态环境劣化，成为塔里木河水系仅次于扁吻鱼和塔里木裂腹鱼之后的第三种濒危鱼类；本项目拟从叶尔羌河、阿克苏河、和田河、渭干河及塔里木河主流河段上游、中游和下游河段7处进行采样，对不同水域河段的叶尔羌高原鳅进行水质理化指标、形态结构差异、数量遗传性状变化及核型等进行研究，并对采集不同区域样本进行运用微卫星、AFLP、mtDNA控制区分析，检测了不同地理种群的遗传多样性，探讨了种群遗传结构，对塔里木河叶尔羌高原鳅种群种质保护和资源的开发利用具有重要价值。

Triplophysa (hedinichthys) yarkandensis (Day) endemic to the Tarim River system, the Tarim River since first century 50's, the nine source river reduced to the current four source works, and along the river basin is a large number of reservoir dam, built the original river domains appear sharp and intermittent ecological fragmentation, Triplophysa yarkandensis in Tarim River Basin at present as only the most widely distributed native fishes, because of the Tarim River watershed ecological environment deterioration, become the Tarim River system after Aspiorhynchus laticeps and Schizothorax (Racoma) biddulphi third endangered fish; this project from the Yarkant River, Akesu River, Hotan River, Weigan the river and the Tarim River mainstream upstream, midstream and downstream reaches of 7 samples of different waters reach, Triplophysa yarkandensis of physico-chemical indexes, morphological differences, quantitative trait variation and karyotype were studied, and the acquisition of different regional samples using micro analysis mtDNA control of the satellite, AFLP,, detection of genetic diversity of different geographic populations, discusses the population genetic structure of Tarim River, Yarkant high raw loach population Has the important value of development and utilization of quality protection and resource.