云南是茶树的原产地，是茶树原始起源中心和物种多样性分布中心，茶树资源异常丰富。如何从丰富的茶树种质资源中快速、准确地鉴定出茶树育种上迫切需要的优异基因资源，是茶树资源保护和高效利用急需解决的一个重大问题。当前国内外广泛开展的作物核心种质研究，为解决上述问题提供了新的途径。在茶树上建立核心种质，会极大地方便种质资源保存，使对种质资源更为深入研究成为可能，能够加快对优异种质和基因的发掘速度，促进茶树育种发展，满足生产需要，这对茶叶生产发展具有深远的影响。据此，本研究拟从以已建立的云南大叶茶种质资源数据库中数据为基础，采用传统标记和现代分子生物学标记相结合的方法，研究建立云南大叶茶资源核心种质的最佳方法和评价指标，对其核心种质的遗传多样性进行分子标记方法分析，验证核心种质代表性，构建云南大叶茶资源的核心种质，并从中发掘优异种质资源，为保护和高效利用云南大叶茶资源奠定基础。

Yunnan Province is the origin center and the species diversity distribution center of tea plants（Camellia sinensis (L.) O.Kuntze）, with extraordinarily rich tea germplasm resources. How to quickly and accurately identify excellent genetic resources from rich tea germplasms for tea breeding? It is an urgent need to solve a major problem with the protection and utilization of tea germplasm resources. Currently, the crop core collection researches have been carried out at home and abroad extensively, and this provides a new way for us to solve the above problem. Constructing core collection on tea plants will greatly be convenient to preserve tea germplasms, make the in-depth study possible to speed up the excavation speed of excellent germplasm, promote tea breeding development, and meet tea production needs, which has a profound effect on tea industry development. Accordingly, based on Yunnan grandifoliate tea germplasm database and the successful experience about other crop core collection, this study will establish the best method and evaluation index of core collection about Yunnan grandifoliate tea by using the combination of traditional and modern molecular marker method together. Molecular marker method will be used to analyze the genetic diversity of core collection, verify the representative core collection, and then construct core collection of Yunnan grandifoliate tea. Besides, some super quality germplasms will be excavated in core collection of Yunnan grandifoliate tea. This study results will lay the foundation for the protection and efficient use of Yunnan grandifoliate tea.

地处中国西南边陲云南省西双版纳勐海县的“国家种质勐海大叶茶树资源圃”保存了2000余份的大叶茶树种质资源，为有效地从大量的资源中筛选出符合育种目标的优异基因，“云南大叶茶资源核心种质构建及优异种质筛选”得到了国家自然科学基金应急项目资助。项目组以陈亮编著的《茶树种质资源描述和数据标准》为标准，结合云南大叶茶树资源特点，分析了茶树核心种质的有效性检验方法，并从324份系统鉴定评价数据比较完整的资源中选择31个基本数据、生物学特性数据进行整理，初步建立了云南大叶茶初选核心种质方法。