中文摘要
植物离子组是植物器官、组织或细胞层面上矿质元素组成的总和。它不仅体现着植物矿质元素迁移代谢的规律,同时也可以反映出植物的土壤环境本地适应机制。因而有关植物离子组自然变异的研究对于农业可持续发展、人类身体健康、环境修复以及理解植物进化都具有重大意义。申请人十多年来一直从事植物离子组以及植物环境适应的分子遗传机制方面的工作,并取得多项重要进展。本项目拟结合全基因组关联分析和QTL定位等手段,以全世界范围内收集的数百份水稻和拟南芥品系以及基于远缘杂交的水稻染色体片段置换系为研究材料,解析植物矿质营养及重金属含量自然变异的遗传基础。并通过进一步的分子生物学、细胞生物学、生物化学以及统计遗传学等手段,阐明基因的功能、作用机制和调控网络,探索植物进化过程中的分子遗传机制。同时本项目还将尝试发展分子标记辅助选择检测系统,为利用分子辅助选择培育高营养低重金属的水稻品种提供理论指导。
英文摘要
Plant ionome is the total element composition of a plant organ, tissue or cell. It not only can be used for revealing the migration and metabolism nature of mineral elements in plants, but also reflects plant adaptations to edaphic environments. Therefore, the study of natural variation of plant ionome is important for sustainable agriculture development, human health, environment remediation and understanding of plant evolution. I have been in the field of plant ionome and environment adaptations for more than 10 years, and made great progress in multiple projects. Based on hundreds of natural accessions of world-wide collected rice and Arabidopsis thaliana and a set of rice Chromosome Segments Substitution Lines (CSSL) derived from wide crosses, I will further identify the genetic basis and regulatory networks controlling mineral nutrients and heavy metal contents in plants by a combination of Genome-Wide Association study (GWAS) and QTL mapping strategies. With a combination of molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry and statistical genetics, this project will further study gene functions of the identified QTLs, reveal their molecular mechanisms, establish their regulatory network, and find the potential role of them in plant evolution. We will also try to develop molecular markers based on identified QTLs/haplotypes, and use them for breeding rice varieties with high mineral nutrients and low heavy metal contents through marker assistant selection.
结题摘要
矿质元素是植物赖以生存的物质基础,不仅决定着植物的生长发育、繁衍演化,同时也影响着人类的营养健康。植物离子组学是结合高通量分析化学、分子遗传学以及生物信息学等手段,系统性地研究植物矿质元素吸收、运输以及分配和代谢规律的新兴领域,是研究植物矿质营养及微量元素的有力工具。本课题结合植物离子组学、经典遗传学、全基因组关联分析以及反向遗传学等手段,对拟南芥、水稻、玉米以及大豆等作物的矿质元素吸收代谢规律进行了系统研究,鉴定了控制植物矿质元素含量及利用效率的QTL或关联位点数百个,并克隆了其中12个基因,发现了胆碱胞内分布调控囊泡运输及离子组平衡、拟南芥耐盐本地适应的遗传新机制以及植物碳氮平衡的分子机制为代表的一系列重要规律,为全面了解植物调控离子组的遗传基础以及代谢利用规律作出了重要贡献。本课题的研究结果发表在PLoS Biology、PLoS Genetics、Molecular Plant等高水平杂志上,此外还有多项结果正在撰写或拟撰写论文。本课题培养研究生、博士后共4人,国内外学术交流8人次,圆满完成了本课题预设的目标。
