人口膨胀，水资源短缺，旱灾频发，传统淹水种稻靠大量施用化学氮肥来稳定提高我国稻作产量，氮素利用效率低。开发“望天田”，改种高产抗旱稻种势在必行。旱稻比水稻节水70%以上，其产量和品质正向水稻逼近。本项目以根系和氮营养为切入点，选择代表性的籼、粳型高产旱稻新品种（组合），开展大田、盆栽、根箱和水培池试验，设置不同的施氮量、氮素形态、旱种方式、土水势和土壤类型之间的处理组合，采用先进的微根窗技术，对旱稻根系生长、根系形态特征、根构型、根系活力、根系氮代谢酶活性、根叶及培养液中硝态氮和铵态氮含量变化、稻株氮含量和伤流液中细胞分裂素含量变化等进行研究，探明旱稻根系建成与氮素营养之间的关系，揭示氮调控旱稻根系建成的生理机制。旨在为我国高产旱稻氮素高效利用的栽培调控提供理论和实践依据，对推动我国农业节水抗灾和可持续发展，保障粮食和生态安全具有重大的现实和长远意义，也为稻作根系研究方法提供新的实

Due to the expansion of population, the shortage of water resources and drought frequency, the traditional flooding cultivation rice rely on applying a large amount of chemical fertilizer to stable and improve rice yield in China with low nitrogen use efficiency. The development of "Wang Tiantian", planting high yield and drought resistance of rice is imperative. The upland rice saves water above 70% compared to the paddy rice, its output and the quality are approaching to the paddy rice.This project takes root and nitrogen as the breakthrough point, the representation of the indica and japonica rice will be grown in field, in pots, in root box and hydroponic pool, setting different dry-cultivation patterns, soil moisture and soil types combination with different nitrogen amount and nitrogen forms, root morphology, root architecture, root growth, root physiological activity and nitrogen absorption and utilization including nitrogen forms on absorption for upland rice will be researched by use of advanced minirhizotron technique, effects of upland rice in the root growth dynamic on nitrogen uptake and utilization and on nitrogen application response would be further studied to elucidate nitrogen regulatory mechanism of upland rice root growth. The objective of the study is to provide theoretical and practical guidance for high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency in upland rice cultivation regulation that aims at promoting water-saving agriculture and sustainable development in china, ensuring food safety and protecting environment has important realistic and long-term significance,and providing a new basis for rice root research method.