青藏高原隆升和第四纪冰期对东亚地区的地质环境和生物演化产生了巨大影响。竹亚科隶属于禾本科，是早熟禾亚科和稻亚科的近缘类群，包括木本的青篱竹族、箣竹族和草本的莪莉竹族。全球共有1400余种竹类植物，其中约1/2的种类分布于东亚地区。本项目拟以东亚地区竹亚科主要支系为研究对象，通过属级水平的密集取样，利用核基因和叶绿体基因组大数据的系统发育分析，结合化石资料，探讨这一地区竹亚科主要类群的起源、演化，重建其祖先分布区，明确新生代以来重要地史事件和环境变迁对该类群的影响；选取关键性状，基于分子系统树，阐明其适应性机制及演化动因；通过对大熊猫主食竹的群体遗传学研究，推测这些物种自更新世以来分布范围的变化，揭示环境变迁对竹类植物适应性演化以及对大熊猫食性转变和分布范围的影响。本项目的实施对深入理解整个竹亚科起源、演化以及环境适应性有重要理论价值，对大熊猫及其生境的保护也具有重要意义。

The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau was a significant geological event in the Cenozoic and may have a substantial impact on the origin and evolution of biota in East Asia. The subfamily Bambusoideae (Poaceae) consists of three tribes, i.e., Arundinarieae, Bambuseae, and Olyreae, with approximately 1400 species worldwide and about half of them in East Asia. In this project, we will focus on the phylogenetic reconstruction of the bamboos of the world with extensive generic sampling in East Asia using large data sets of plastid and nuclear sequences. Based on such solid molecular phylogenies, the divergence times of major bamboo clades will be estimated with multiple fossil calibrations, and the ancestral area will also be reconstructed. Subsequently, the influence of geological events and environmental changes in East Asian bamboos will be inferred and discussed. Some key morphological traits will be selected for further analyses. After comparison and mapping on the phylogenetic trees, the adaptation and evolution of those characters will be illuminated. In addition, population genetics of staple food bamboos for giant panda will be performed, which will further be used to infer distribution area changes of bamboos since Pleistocene and to demonstrate their impact on feeding habit conversion and distribution area of the giant panda. The implementation of this project will have important significance in understanding the origin, evolution, and adaptation to different environment of bamboos, as well as for conservation of the giant panda and their habitat.