H5N1高致病性禽流感在全球持续流行，对中国公共卫生、经济发展、动物生态产生了巨大破坏。候鸟迁徙、家禽运输、以及候鸟与家禽的交互接触都会感染传播病毒，造成H5N1禽流感的空间扩散与人感染事件错综复杂。结合前期研究，我们提出：H5N1禽流感病毒通过固定传播网络进行空间扩散，地理关联节点促进其进化与跨网络传播。为验证这一假设，我们拟结合空间分析与生物信息学方法，构建中国H5N1禽流感候鸟非连续式、家禽连续式交互传播模型，通过模拟病毒基因流，还原其时空扩散过程。研究内容包括：（1）中国主要候鸟迁徙路线、家禽运输网络与H5N1禽流感非连续、连续传播的关系；（2）量化候鸟迁徙网络与家禽运输网络的交互作用；（3）评估H5N1禽流感传播网络与关键节点，预测出现人感染H5N1禽流感病毒的风险。研究将为认识H5N1禽流感扩散规律，高效开展H5N1及其他亚型高致病性禽流感传播的控制工作提供重要依据。

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 and its long-term persistence worldwide have resulted in avian influenza panzootics, public health issues, enormous economic losses, and ecological problems in China. H5N1 viruses have been shown to be transmitted by bird migration, poultry transportation, and bird-poultry interface, which results a complex transmission pattern. On the basis of our previous studies, we propose that H5N1 viruses circulate across fixed networks, and spread through the hubs between transmission networks. To verify this scientific hypothesis, we will create an empirical transmission model at bird-poultry interface based on spatial analysis and bioinformatics, including continuous and discontinuous transmission, to reconstruct spatiotemporal diffusion process by simulating viral gene flow in China. The project is therefore divided into 3 main parts: (1) The relationship between bird migration and H5N1 discontinuous transmission, and poultry transportation and H5N1 continuous transmission in China; (2) Quantify the interrelatedness between bird migration and poultry transportation networks in viral transmission; (3) We will evaluate transmission networks of H5N1 virus and its key hubs to predict risk of human H5N1 infection across regions. Our study will reveal H5N1 viral transmission and geo-spread patterns, and provide the theory basis for effectively preventing the spread of H5N1 and other HPAI virus, especially H5N1 outbreak in humans.