应激是机体对外界刺激产生的适应性生理和行为反应，对维持自身生存至关重要。急性和慢性应激均可引起机体糖皮质激素升高，导致能量代谢和氧化还原平衡改变，但机制不同。脊椎动物中，鸟类具有高代谢率和强抗氧化能力，然而这些特征在应激状态的响应机制尚不明确。本项目基于前期成果，利用比较生理学和组学技术，探讨树麻雀在急性和慢性应激过程中血浆皮质酮及糖脂代谢物，肝脏代谢酶、氧化应激和抗氧化指标、关键基因及蛋白的变化特征，并筛选能量代谢和抗氧化通路中的相关基因、效应物和产物，阐述鸟类在应激过程中糖脂代谢和抗氧化适应的调节机制。研究结果对揭示动物从野生到笼养状态的生理适应策略及分子机理具有重要意义，对制定动物的人工驯化和易地保护策略具有应用价值。

Stress is the physiological and behavioral adaptive responses of the organism during exposure to environmental stimuli, which is critically important for promoting individual survival. The regulatory mechanisms between acute stress and chronic stress differ significantly although both of them leading to increase in glucocorticoids induce imbalances of energy metabolism and redox homeostasis. In vertebrates, birds are featured with higher metabolic rate and stronger antioxidant capacity, whereas the regulatory mechanism of these features in response to stress response remains largely unknown. In the present proposal, based on our previous findings on stress response in birds, we aim to determine the changes in the plasma corticosterone and metabolites, the metabolic enzymes related glucose and lipids, oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters, and key functional genes and proteins in the liver of Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus) in response to capture-restraint stress and captivity stress using comparative physiology and “Omics” techniques. Furthermore, the key functional genes, metabolites in the energy metabolism and antioxidant system will be identified to illustrate their regulatory mechanism in free-living birds in response to both acute and chronic stress. Our results may contribute to uncovering the physiological strategy and underlying molecular regulatory mechanism in animals transferred from free-living to captivity status, and can be applied in formulating rational strategies for artificial acclimation and ex situ conservation in free-living animals as well.