阿宽蕉为香蕉野生近缘种，具有适应性强、抗病、抗寒等优良基因，目前已报道有6个亚（变）种，其中我国分布4个亚（变）种。阿宽蕉是我国分布面积最为广泛的香蕉野生种质资源，但是由于林地开发种植经济作物，部分地区野外资源破坏严重。目前还没有关于阿宽蕉种群遗传结构和谱系地理学方面的报道。本项目拟在对我国香蕉野生种质资源进行考察的基础上，通过测定选定阿宽蕉居群核基因组、叶绿体基因组和线粒体基因组特定基因序列变异，分析阿宽蕉种群遗传结构和谱系地理结构。实施本项目的意义在于：（1）阐明我国香蕉野生近缘种及阿宽蕉居群资源现况、种群数量和分布格局；（2）揭示阿宽蕉种群内和种群间的遗传变异，并据此划分优先管理单元，确定需要优先保护的种群，提出香蕉野生种质资源管理和保护策略；（3）揭示阿宽蕉谱系地理结构形成的可能影响因素和种群演化历史。

Musa itinerans is the closely related wild species of banana and it has some good genes like well-adapted, disease-resistant and cold resistant genes. There are 6 subspecies (variations) reported and 4 of them distribute in China. M. itinerans is the wild germplasm resources of banana which distributed widely in China. But they were destroyed badly in some areas because of the woodland development for planting commercial crop. There is no report on the population genetic structure and phylogeography of M. itinerans. Based on the investigation about the wild germplasm resources of banana, this project is going to analyze the population genetic structure and phylogeography structure of M. itinerans by measuring the sequence of specific genes in the nuclear genome, chloroplast genome and mitochondrial genome. The significance of this project lies in: (1) illuminating the current situation of resource, population quantity and distribution pattern of closely related wild species of banana and M. itinerans; (2) revealing the genetic variation within and between the populations of M. itinerans. According to that, divide management units with priority, ensure the populations requiring preferential protection and propose strategy of management and protection for the germplasm resources of wild banana; (3) uncovering the possible influence factors in the formation of phylogeography structure of M. itinerans and uncover the evolution history of its populations.

阿宽蕉为香蕉野生近缘种，具有适应性强、抗病、抗寒等优良基因，是我国分布面积最为广泛的香蕉野生种质资源，但是部分地区野外资源破坏严重，对阿宽蕉种群遗传多样性的研究有利于揭示阿宽蕉种群内和种群间的遗传变异，从而划分优先管理单元；对阿宽蕉种群的演化历史的研究将为研究香蕉起源与进化奠定理论基础。本项目以12份不同分类阶元的香蕉种质资源为模板，筛选合成的54对叶绿体基因序列引物和70对线粒体基因序列引物，结果表明14 对叶绿体基因序列引物和15 对线粒体基因序列引物在香蕉种质资源不同分类阶元的系统发育研究中具有有效性。该研究结果将扩充香蕉细胞质基因组系统发育研究可用的基因序列。项目还利用核核糖体ITS序列对海南岛8个野生阿宽蕉种群的遗传多样性进行研究，研究结果表明基于核核糖体ITS序列海南岛阿宽蕉种群遗传变异较小，多样性较低，下一步将结合筛选的可用的细胞质基因进行综合分析，从而探明野生阿宽蕉种群的遗传结构与进化。通过项目的实施，为利用多种DNA 序列研究我国阿宽蕉种群的遗传结构和谱系地理学奠定了良好的前期基础。