中文摘要
申请人主要从事动物源细菌耐药性的基础研究。围绕多重耐药基因cfr在畜禽源细菌中的传播机制,首次从7个不同种属细菌中检出cfr;解析了5个介导cfr传播的可转移元件,即插入序列IS256、 IS256-like、IS1216、IS26和首次命名的ISEnfa5;发现并验证了3个新耐药基因,即酰胺醇外排基因fexB、链霉素耐药基因aadY和林可霉素耐药基因lnu(E);首次发现动物源产新德里金属β-内酰胺酶“超级耐药菌”;首次揭示隐型奶牛乳房炎中的金葡菌超突变子。上述研究不仅丰富了细菌耐药性形成的理论,还为防控严重威胁公共健康的耐药菌/耐药基因在畜禽与人之间的传播扩散奠定了理论基础。2008年以来发表SCI论文42篇(他引166次),其中第一和通讯作者论文13篇,参编英文专著1部。本项目拟研究食品动物源革兰氏阴性菌对碳青霉烯类药物耐药的产生及传播机制,为耐药性的风险评估及防控提理论依据。
英文摘要
The grant applicant mainly focus on the antimicrobial resistance in bacteria of animal origin. Regarding to the transmission mechanism of multiresistance gene cfr in bacteria of animal origin, the applicant firstly detected cfr gene in seven different types of bacteria species, then found five transfer elements (IS256, IS256-like, IS1216, IS26, as well as the newly designated ISEnfa5) that can mediate the transmission of cfr gene. Besides, three novel resistance gene including the phenicol exporter gene fexB, the streptomycin resistance gene aadY and lincomycin resistance gene lnu(E) were identified and characterized. In addition, the New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase 1 was firstly identified in Acinetobacter lwoffii (superbug) of food animal origin. Moreover, hypermutable Staphylococcus aureus strains were firstly observed at high frequency in subclinical bovine mastitis. All of these work not only enriched the theoretical knowledge of development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria, but also lay the theoretical foundation for preventing the dissemination of resistant bacteria or resistance gene between human and food-producing animals, which may cause serious public health problem. The applicant has published 42 paper since 2008 (other-citation: 166), 13 of which are listed as first author or corresponding author. He also finished one book chapter for NOVA publisher. The aim of this proposal is to investigate the development and transmission of carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria of food animal origin. This work will further provide theoretical basis for both the risk assessment and containment of antimicrobial resistance.
结题摘要
碳青霉烯类抗生素是目前医学临床上使用的抗菌谱最广、抗菌活性最强的非典型β-内酰胺类抗生素。然而,近年来特别是耐碳青霉烯肠杆菌科细菌(Carbapenem Resistance Enterobacteriaceae,CRE)等越来越多的碳青霉烯耐药细菌的出现导致临床上治疗此类细菌造成的感染已捉襟见肘。而此类耐药细菌/基因在食品动物的产生与传播机制却知之尚浅。养殖场作为抗生素广泛使用和耐药菌产生的主要地方与人类关系密切,是一个潜在的耐药菌贮库,其中的耐药菌可向人类扩散。因此,本项目已养殖场中食品动物为对象,研究其来源的肠杆菌科细菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药情况,以及该类药物耐药的产生、传播机制。本研究通过长时间对山东省商品化养鸡场和江苏省商品化奶牛养殖场进行监控,调查食品动物源CRE的流行情况,并通过药敏试验确认CRE对其他抗生素的耐药表型,PCR检测相应的基因型,MLST和PFGE对CRE进行分子分型鉴定,利用全基因组测序技术结合生物信息学分析手段对CRE进行遗传环境和亲缘性分析。从山东一株鸡源ST48型大肠杆菌中发现一个新的NDM型碳青霉烯酶,命名为NDM-17,该蛋白与NDM-1相比有3个氨基酸的差异,而与NDM-5相比则只有一个氨基酸的差别。通过酶动力学研究发现,该蛋白可水解除了氨曲南外的所有β内酰胺类抗生素,并且表现出比NDM-5更高的水解活性。在山东一条标准鸡肉生产链条(上游种鸡场——商品鸡养殖场——肉鸡屠宰场——超市)上收集了鸡、狗、污水、鸟、苍蝇等739份样本,分离出161株碳青霉烯耐药大肠杆菌(CREC)。并且发现样本中NDM的阳性率远高于单菌落,暗示着一些不可培养的细菌含有该基因,我们称这种现象为“幻影耐药组”。这些CREC对大部分药物耐药仅对替加环素敏感。通过全基因组数据分析推测CREC通过环境因素进入商品鸡养殖场,并可通过候鸟迁徙或人员接触在食物生产链中进行传播扩散。该项目不仅发现了新型的碳青霉烯耐药基因,并阐明了肉鸡生产链上NDM的流行传播规律,说明食品动物是耐药菌产生及扩散至人类的重要环节,需要更多的监控,更合理的使用抗生素。
