推广种植超高产水稻是我国有限耕地面积上提高水稻单产，保障粮食产量的关键。然而，围绕超高产水稻品种，特别是新育超高产水稻材料的一系列科学施肥问题却迫切需要解答。超高产水稻材料的最佳施氮量和氮肥运筹是什么？它的种植对氮素的环境效应怎样？如何协调好高产和环境效应之间的关系？本项目以水稻主产区—太湖地区为研究区域，以超高产水稻材料为研究对象，先通过室内实验筛选生育前期氮素吸收能力强，后期氮素利用效率高的超高产水稻材料，并揭示相关生理机制；在此基础上开展筛选所得超高产材料在江苏宜兴和浙江嘉兴两地进行多年田间试验，明确超高产水稻对氮肥的响应特征、氮素吸收累积特性及氮素环境效应，确定最佳氮肥施用量；并进一步研究不同氮肥运筹方式对水稻产量及氮素环境效应的影响，提出适宜超高产水稻种植栽培的氮肥运筹。项目研究成果可为协调高产和环境污染之间的矛盾，提出超高产水稻推广种植的水肥管理原则提供科学依据和数据支撑。

it will be a key step to expand planting area of super high yielding rice on limited cultivated land in China in order to ensure food safety. However, a series of questions of scientific fertilization related to planting super high yielding rice, especially for newly cultivated rice materials are urgently waiting to be solved. The questions of scientific fertilization include what optical fertilizer nitrogen (N) application rate and strategies are for super high yielding rice, how about N losses in paddy to environment after planting super high yielding rice, how to balance the relationship between high yield and environmental pollution. This project choose Taihui Lake region, which is a major region of rice production in China as study area. Firstly, hydroponic experiments will be carried out to screen out rice materials with strong ability of N uptake at early growth stage and high N use efficiency at late growth stage, and to reveal relative physiological mechanisms. Secondly, super high yielding rice materials chose through hydroponic experiments will be used as study materials in three-year field experiments set up in Yixing city of Jiangsu Province and Jiaxing city of Zhejiang Province. Two consecutive years of field experiments will clear response of super high yielding rice to different fertilizer N application rate and characteristics of N uptake and accumulation in rice, as well as N losses in paddy to environment, which will help to confirm optical N application rate for super high yielding rice in Taihu Lake region. The effect of different fertilizer nitrogen (N) application strategies on grain yield of super high yielding rice and N losses to environment will be further studied by field experiment to propose the optical. The works of this project will provide scientific basis and data support for harmonizing conflict between high yield and environmental pollution, and proposing principle of water and fertilizer management for super high yielding rice.