近年来，兽用抗生素及其抗性基因环境污染问题逐渐引起了环保专家和政府的关注。大量未经无害化处理的畜禽粪便农用是抗生素及其抗性基因进入环境的主要途径。本项目以规模化养殖场用量较大的四环素类、磺胺类和喹诺酮类三种抗生素为研究对象，以猪抗生素饲喂-猪粪-好氧堆肥为主线，采用实时监测好氧堆肥系统结合荧光实时定量PCR、高通量测序技术和HPLC-MS-MS等技术，重点研究：（1）典型抗生素在猪粪好氧堆肥过程中的降解规律及堆肥条件优化；（2）优化条件下典型抗生素在猪粪好氧堆肥过程中的降解特征及微生物分子生态学机制；（3）优化条件下猪粪堆肥过程中抗生素抗性基因动态变化的微生物分子生态学机制。以期阐明猪堆肥过程中抗生素及其抗性基因消减的分子生态学机制。研究成果可为从猪粪源头上切断抗生素及其抗性基因进入环境技术的建立提供理论依据，进而对于确保农田生态环境和农产品质量安全具有重意义。

In recent years, pollution by veterinary antibiotics and its resistance genes gradually aroused the concern of the government and environmental experts. In order to elucidate molecular microbial ecology mechanism for decreases of typical veterinary antibiotics and its resistance genes during livestock and poultry manure composting, three kinds of veterinary antibiotics widely used in the scaled livestock farm with the great amount including tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and quinolones were selected in this study. To characterize the antibiotics degradation and shift in microbial diversity and antibiotics resistance genes during the pig manure composting, the technologies such as HPLC-MS-MS, Fluorescence Real-time Quantitative PCR, and High-throughput Sequencing will be used. The proposed research will mainly focus on the following area: (1) to elucidate the degradation rule for typical veterinary antibiotics during aerobic composting of pig manure and to optimize their composting conditions; (2) to characterize the degradation of typical veterinary antibiotics and to illustrate their molecular microbial ecology mechanism during the pig manure composting under the optimized condition; (3) to elucidate the molecular microbial ecology mechanisms for the dynamic shift or decreasing rule for antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) during pig manure composting under the optimized condition. The research results will provide a theoretical basis and data supporting for the technologies development for preventing veterinary antibiotics and its resistance genes from entering the environments via application of livestock manure on farm land. These results will also be very useful for reducing the risk of veterinary antibiotics in the environments, and ensuring the quality safety of agricultural products.