我国热带区是世界生物多样性热点地区。然而，橡胶林近年来增长迅速并已逐渐主导该地区的生态系统，导致热带雨林面积持续下降并严重破碎化。而高度匀质化的橡胶林冠层每年还经历一次集中落叶，严重威胁了当地的生物多样性。全面了解橡胶林生物多样性现状，改善其生态服务功能已是当务之急。但我们目前对橡胶林节肢动物时空格局的研究和了解还十分薄弱。在局域尺度和区域尺度下开展橡胶林蜘蛛群落时空格局变异及其机理研究，对了解热带区生态系统的稳定性及生态过程，预测人为干扰和森林片断化对物种流失的影响，阐述景观格局变化的生态学意义具有重要价值。本项目拟使用冠层喷雾和吸虫器等定量采集方法，结合传统形态学和PCR-free metabarcoding等手段，解析影响橡胶林蜘蛛群落的主要因素，探讨环境友好型橡胶园的建设标准，为热带地区生物多样性保护和可持续利用提供科学依据。因此，本申请项目在基础研究和解决国家需求方面均具有意义。

The tropical region in China is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. However, large area of rain forests in this region were lost or fragmented by the expansion of rubber plantation, which has gradually dominated the local ecological system. Rubber trees were planted in rows with a homogeneous canopy that are deciduous during the dry season and were seriously threatened the local biodiversity. Comprehensive understanding of the current status of biodiversity in rubber plantation and improve its ecological service function should be the top priority in tropical region of China. However, the studies and the knowledge about arthropod biodiversity in rubber plantations are still very few. It is meaningful that studies on the spatial and temporal distributions and its variation mechanism of spider community in rubber plantations under the local scale and the regional scale. The result will be helpful in understanding the ecosystem stability and ecological processes in tropical region, predicting the effects of human disturbance and forest fragmentation on the loss of species, and explaining the ecological significance of landscape change. In this study, standardized and quantitative collection methods such as canopy fogging and suction machine will be used to collect spiders in rubber plantation. The traditional taxonomy and PCR-free metabarcoding techniques will be employed in species identification. We aimed to interpret the main factors that affected the spider community in rubber plantation, to discuss construction standard of environment-friendly rubber plantation, and to offer a scientific suggestion for protection and sustainable use biodiversity in tropical area.