近年来江淮地区油菜-水稻种植模式面积减少，小麦-水稻种植模式面积增加。这在一定程度上促进粮食生产能力的提高，但可能对土壤生态系统氮素转化产生影响，进而影响周边水体和大气环境。本项目拟用real–time PCR、高通量测序等分子生物学方法，对油稻、麦稻种植模式下，硝化和反硝化微生物种群结构进行研究，并通过室内培养和田间原位方法对其功能进行分析，以揭示江淮地区油稻种植模式向麦稻种植模式转变对土壤硝化反硝化过程影响机理，为江淮地区调控氮素转化、维持土壤氮素平衡提供理论依据。

Rape-rice cropping area has greatly decreased, while wheat-rice cropping area has clearly increased in recent years. Although the change in planting pattern improves food production capacity to some extent, it can also influence nitrogen transform processes in soil ecosystem and have negative effects on the surrounding water and air. The project intends to use the real-time PCR, and high-throughput sequencing methods to compare the difference of nitrification and denitrification microbial population structure, and to find out its function change in culture and field levels, in order to clarify the response mechanism of nitrification and denitrification processes to the change,and provide a theoretical basis for regulating nitrogen transformation, and maintaining soil N balance in Jianghuai region.