慢性骨髓炎是骨伤科常见疾病，治疗较为困难。研究发现，CD25+CD4+Treg细胞通过抑制T淋巴细胞免疫应答可能参与慢性骨髓炎的发病，而IL-2可以通过STAT5活化调控Treg细胞免疫应答。我们前期研究提示采用五味消毒饮治疗慢性骨髓炎具有优势。已有研究报道五味消毒饮可以下调IL-2表达，因此，我们认为五味消毒饮可能通过下调IL-2的表达抑制STAT5-Foxp3信号通路活化，后者进一步抑制Treg细胞免疫应答，从而在慢性骨髓炎中发挥治疗作用。本研究以慢性骨髓炎兔模型为研究对象，首先明确五味消毒饮下调IL-2抑制Treg细胞免疫应答在慢性骨髓炎中的治疗作用，其次，阐明五味消毒饮下调IL-2通过STAT5-Foxp3信号通路抑制Treg细胞免疫应答的机制。通过本研究将进一步完善慢性骨髓炎免疫调控的机制研究，并为中医药治疗慢性骨髓炎提供新的实验依据。

Chronic osteomyelitis is a common disease, while the treatment is difficult. Study found that the inhibition of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells might be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic osteomyelitis, and IL-2 could mediated the immune response of Treg cells through activation of STAT5. Our preliminary research suggested that wuweixiaoduyin had the possible effect on the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. Meanwhile, studies have reported that wuweixiaoduyin could down regulate the expression of IL-2, Thus, we hypothesize that the possible effect of wuweixiaoduyin maybe related to the down-regulation of IL-2, which inhibit the STAT5-Foxp3 signal pathways and the immune response of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells. In this study, first, by using the chronic osteomyelitis rabbit model as the reasearch subject，we try to clarify the down-regulation of IL-2 by wuweixiaoduyin could inhibit the immune response of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells, secondly, using the STAT5 knock down rabbit, we try to further elucidate the mechanism that the low expression of IL-2 regulated by wuweixiaoduyin could inhibit the immune response of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells through STAT5-Foxp3 pathway. Therefore，our study aim to futher improve the mechanisms of immune abnormity in chronic osteomyelitis, and the final results of our research might provide new insights for the TCM treatment of Chronic osteomyelitis.