生物进化的研究体现在两个层次上：微进化（microevolution）和宏进化（macroevolution）。宏进化研究侧重于观察大的时间尺度下的生物性状变异；而微进化指的是种内或近缘物种之间的进化,是生物变异的源头和适应环境的基础。微进化研究着重于基因对性状的影响，以及选择对基因变异的作用。微进化中适应性表型的变异通常具有可明确阐明的分子与遗传基础，可以追溯其发生发展的过程，有规律可循，因此是生物学领域关注的焦点之一。本重大研究计划建议通过分析微进化过程中表型变异生物的基因组及转录组，阐明复杂表型变异的遗传机制，以期建立遗传变异与表型变异之间的相互关系，使进化理论奠定在更坚实的遗传学基础上，推动进化理论的进一步发展与完善。

There are two layers of evolutionary processes, those that happened at the macro-level (i.e. macroevolution) and those that happened at the micro-level (i.e. microevolution, e.g. at the molecular level). The macroevolution emphasizes on the evolution between species resulting from the long term evolution, while microevolution focuses on the polymorphism within populations, on their fitness consequences and contributions to the organismal phenotypes. Adaptive changes happened during microevolutionary processes often provide explicit underpinnings of the favorable phenotypic traits and might elucidate the genetic basis of complex phenotypes. They are the major focus of evolutionary biology. This research proposal plans to characterize the genomic and transcriptomic differences between phenotypically diverse individuals, aiming to address the genetic basis of complex phenotypic evolution and understand the relationships between genetic variations and phenotypic differentiation. The advances in this work will allow a more detailed description of the evolutionary theory constructed upon molecular genetics and help facilitate the evolutionary theory to a much higher level.

单量子态的探测及相互作用主要是对光子、电子、原子分子、凝聚态乃至人工原子系统中的量子态和量子效应的研究，是现代物质科学研究的基础、着力点和前沿，是学科交叉研究的科学源泉。本项目用于支持重大研究计划《单量子态的探测及相互作用》专家组调研和学术交流。