中文摘要
中国的HIV流行现状非常严峻,而男性性病患者是HIV感染和传播的关键人群。包皮环切作为WHO和UNAIDS推荐的循证HIV生物医学预防手段,尚未应用于该人群中。在前期研究的基础上,本课题组将招募广东省4个大中城市中800名男性性病患者,进行第一阶段横断面研究,探讨计划行为理论对包皮环切手术意向,以及健康行为过程理论对风险补偿行为意向(意图在接受包皮环切后与女性发生无保护的性行为)的解释能力。我们将根据其结果设计用于第二阶段咨询的视频。在第二阶段随机对照试验中, 500名患者将被随机分入对照组(简单书面宣教材料)和实验组(性病诊疗经验丰富的医生利用视频进行咨询)。我们将比较第三和第六个月随访时两组的包皮环切率和相关风险补偿行为意向, 通过观察中介效应,分析改变包皮环切率和风险补偿行为意向的机制。该研究成果可为在广东省以至全国男性性病患者中大规模推广包皮环切预防HIV和性病感染提供科学依据。
英文摘要
The HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STD) epidemics are severe in China. Male circumcision is a newly developed, yet under-utilized, evidence-based HIV prevention for heterosexual males, which is recommended by WHO and UNAIDS. Despite the significance, there is no published study on implementation of male circumcision among male STD patients, a high risk population bridging HIV transmission from high risk populations to low risk populations. A two-phase study is proposed, targeting male STD patients of four cities in Guangdong Province. Phase I is a cross-sectional study (n=800). The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and motivational phase the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) will be used as the conceptual frameworks to investigate factors of intention to take up circumcision and factors of risk compensation intention. Risk compensation is defined as intention to have unprotected sex after taking up male circumcision. In Phase II, a counseling program will be designed, using a video based on the Phase I results (experimental group) and evaluate its effects using a randomized controlled study against a control group (simple printed pamphlet). The experimental health promotion counseling aims at changing the cognitive constructs of TPB and HAPA, and to evaluate whether such cognitive changes would result in differences in actual circumcision rate (primary outcome) and intention for risk compensation behavior (secondary outcome) between the experimental group and the control group. The Phase II results allow us to understand the mechanisms behind the differences in changes related to male circumcision between the experimental and control groups. Furthermore, the findings will provide evidence for scaling up male circumcision for HIV/STD prevention in Guangdong and nationwide.
结题摘要
【项目背景】男性性病患者是HIV感染的高危人群和传播HIV和性病的桥梁人群。包皮环切术是一种世界卫生组织推荐的循证HIV生物医学预防手段。【主要研究内容】通过横断面研究,以计划行为理论和健康行为过程理论分析男性性病患者的包皮环切手术意向及相关风险补偿行为意向的相关因素。基于横断面研究的结果,设计旨在提高包皮环切手术率和降低相关风险补偿行为意向的健康促进方法。通过随机对照试验,检验这种方法的效能。探讨该健康促进方法引起实验组和对照组包皮环切手术率和相关风险补偿行为意向差异的理论机制。随访已经接受了包皮环切手术的参加者,了解他们对手术过程和恢复过程的主观评价,以及实际风险补偿行为的发生率。【重要结果】横断面研究:在682名参加者中,有19.8%已做过包皮环切手术,在未做过包皮环切手术的参加者中(n=547),54.8%表示愿意在未来六个月内接受包皮环切手术。意图在术后减少与女性固定性伴的安全套使用率是最普遍的一种风险补偿行为意向(18.0%)。在调整了显著的背景因素后,基于计划行为理论的认知因素与包皮环切手术意向显著相关。基于健康行为过程理论的认知因素均与意图在术后减少与女性固定性伴的安全套使用率显著相关。阶层模型发现基于健康行为理论的认知因素对这两个主要研究指标有独立影响。随机对照试验:基于横断面研究的结果,设计了提高包皮环切手术率和降低相关风险补偿行为意向的书面宣教材料和视频。244位男性性病患者被随机分入对照组(136人,只接受书面宣教材料)和实验组(108人,接受书面宣教材料、视频及咨询)。在健康促进接受后的第六个月,对照组和实验组中分别有84人和76人完成了电话随访,实验组的包皮环切手术率显著高于对照组(21.1%比4.8%),但两组间风险补偿行为意向无显著差异。【科学意义】本研究设计的健康促进经随机对照临床试验的检验,可以有效提高男性性病患者中的包皮环切手术率。该健康促进方法的内容简单易行,可转化为性病门诊的日常服务,具有良好的应用前景。
