中文摘要
对于靶点在细胞内的药物治疗,将诸如抗体、酶、蛋白疫苗等蛋白输送到靶细胞的胞浆仍是具挑战性课题。迄今报道的纳米载体材料难以同时兼有治疗所需的蛋白高效包封、构象保护、体内循环、细胞靶向和内吞逃逸机制。我们发明了相导向自组装技术,并制备了不对称双层膜高分子囊泡,形成囊泡内外不同的热力学环境,使蛋白选择性地分配于其中。上述囊泡在前期实验中达到了90%的蛋白包封率,和热力学分配带来的自然构象稳定性。本研究中,我们将通过两亲性嵌段聚合物的组成、分子量及嵌段长度的选择,将微米和亚微米直径的不对称高分子囊泡纳米化。将通过在两亲性嵌段聚合物引入环境响应性的连接基团和靶向分子、组成和嵌段长度与自组装材料粒径的关系、长循环与细胞靶向内吞效率的关系、实现包封材料的纳米化和靶向肿瘤细胞高效内吞作用。并考察制备方法对囊泡自组装的影响、确认蛋白药物在纳米包封中保持自然形态、长循环、靶向性和内吞逃逸的效率和治疗效果。
英文摘要
Many diseases arising from the alterations or lacks in the functions of intracellular protein (such as cancer therapy, vaccination, and regenerative medicine) need delivering active forms of proteins to the intracellular of specific cells. The main barriers of delivering target proteins to the intracellular space are still full of challenges. These limitations of current strategies and methods such as polymeric nanocarriers, liposome, nanogels, inorganic nanocarriers and others systems are lack of a nanocarrier with the functions of the available high encapsulation efficiency, protection of protein stability, endolysosomal escape, as well as to optimize carrier stability, targeting specificity and cargo release kinetics. Our objectives are what we design a nano-polymersomes with asymmetric bilayer membrane (APsomes) with the above functions and thermodynamics encapsulation mechanism of protein address the problems of delivery proteins to the intracellular of specific cells. Our previous results showed that the APsomes by phase-guided assembly created a different chemical environment of the interior to which proteins were encapsulated highly efficiently (up to 90%) by thermodynamically favored partition and well-protected protein stability. We design stimuli-responsive agents by the endolysosomal pH value or enzymes to link dextran and poly(ethylene glycol), and dextran and poly (ε-caprolactone) and obtain dextran-block- poly(ethylene glycol) (DEX-PCL), and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly (ε-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL), and design agents triggered by the endolysosomal pH value or enzymes to cross-link the dextran core of APsomes to escape protein in APsomes from endolysosomes to cytosol. The surface targeting ligands modifications of the APsomes are optimized to specific cells according to the receptors of cancer cell membrane.
结题摘要
机体中多种疾病的根源在于关键性蛋白酶功能的丧失。解决这一问题最行之有效的方法是向病变处直接输送功能完好的蛋白大分子来代替病变的蛋白。但蛋白在体内输送到病变细胞内需要克服各种生物学屏障。为了解决这一问题,各种治疗性蛋白的输送载体相继被开发出来,用于体内细胞浆的蛋白药物输送。然而,既能载结构脆弱的蛋白大分子,又能够实现高效和活性输送仍然是个重大挑战。 近年来开发的高分子囊泡似乎为蛋白输送提供了一个相对理想的载体平台。由两亲性高分子组成的高分子囊泡在结构上也有亲水的内腔,与脂质体相似。但是,目前的囊泡对于蛋白药物的包封仍然是随机被动式,缺乏将蛋白药物主动分配到囊泡内部的机制。目前的高分子囊泡在制备过程中容易导致蛋白本身功能的丧失。因此,开发保持蛋白活性高效包封的高分子载体成为了巨大挑战。为了解决这一难题,我们设计的不对称纳米囊泡不仅有蛋白友好的亲水环境,而且能够高效的包封蛋白药物并且能够保护蛋白的构象不遭受不利因素的影响。 我们合成了两种不对称囊泡,一种是由两种嵌段共聚物分子PEG-PCL和DEX-PCL;另一种是PEG-PCL-Maltotriose两亲性的三嵌段高分子作为构成囊泡的单元。我们在聚乙二醇PEG为外水相、以葡聚糖DEX为内水相体系中制备了纳米囊泡。用荧光蛋白FITC-BSA和荧光染料尼罗红来标记所形成的囊泡,通过间接的宏观相分离实验和直接的共聚焦显微镜观察的方法证实了纳米囊泡在体系中的存在形态,呈现出不对称囊泡的球壳结构。由于体系中蛋白对于PEG和DEX分配系数不同,我们的囊泡具有主动的选择性包封蛋白的特性,包封率达到87-90%。实验中采用荧光蛋白FITC-BSA作为示踪蛋白,荧光显微镜观察发现我们所设计的囊泡能够实现蛋白细胞内输送。另外,我们用凋亡蛋白apoptin替代了荧光蛋白,进行胞内输送。实验验证了apoptin细胞内输送,引起癌细胞凋亡。体内实验证实了囊泡能够输送抑癌蛋白apoptin进入瘤块细胞,抑制肿瘤生长。本研究表明,这种囊泡能实现蛋白高效包封,并能保持蛋白大分子的生物活性,实现蛋白的细胞内输送。
