中文摘要
壬基酚(NP)是一种具有环境雌激素效应的有机污染物。本项目采用田间调查采样、室内盆栽试验和溶剂萃取试验相结合的方法以及HPLC分析技术，调查研究了典型蔬菜基地土壤和蔬菜中NP的分布特征及其在不同蔬菜-土壤-水系统中NP的生物有效性及其迁移分布规律。结果表明，深圳、东莞与惠州不同蔬菜基地土壤与蔬菜中均检测到NP和壬基酚一氧乙烯醚（NP1EO），浓度在1.0~10μg/kg，NP和NP1EO平均浓度由高到低次序为：东莞＞惠州＞深圳。土壤添加NP盆栽菜心和萝卜后，土壤中NP含量均有一定程度下降，土壤NP的消失率分别为41.58%～64.76%和43.58%～53.56%；随着壬基酚添加浓度的增加，菜心和萝卜茎叶中的NP含量显著增加，对NP的生物富集系数为0.28～1.76。NP向菜心茎叶迁移及滞留在萝卜块根的NP分别高于向菜心根系的累积及向萝卜茎叶的累积，萝卜对NP的富集能力略高于菜心。因此，对蔬菜可食用部分污染风险相应增高，不利于农产品的安全。不同溶剂对土壤中NP的提取效率存在显著差异，以二氯甲烷/甲醇（9:1,V:V）的提取效率为最佳。超声提取法效率高于索氏提取法。
英文摘要
Nonylphenol (NP) is an organic pollutant with the effect of environmental estrogens. Its environmental behavior and ecological toxicological effects has been widespread concerned. There is a gap about the environmental behavior and biological effects of NP in soil - vegetables system. In this study, soil and vegetable samples were collected from representative vegetable fields in the Pearl River Delta, and NP as well as nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO) were analyzed using HPLC to investigate their occurrence and distribution. Then, seed germination and pot trial of Brassica Parachinensis and Raphanus Sativus with soil spiked NP were conducted to investigate and NP environmental behavior in different soil -vegetables systems. Finally, the extraction of NP with different organic solvents were carried to evaluate the bioavailability of NP in the soil. .The results showed that NP and NP1EO were detected in all soil and vegetables samples collected from different vegetable fields in Dongguan and Huizhou, while that was detected in only 15 out of 25 vegetable fields in Shenzhen. The concentration of NP ranged from 1.39 to 6.99μg/kg. Generally, the average concentration of NP in soil decreased in the order of Dongguan﹥Huizhou﹥Shenzhen.. NP at different pollution levels had no significant influence on the seed germination of Brassica Parachinensis and Raphanus Sativus, while the germination index of different NP levels showed significant differences. On the whole, with the increase of NP levels, the inhibition effects of root elongation increased. After pot experiments of both Brassica Parachinensis and Raphanus Sativus, the disappearance rate of NP in soil was 41.58%～64.76% (at day 40) and 43.58%～53.56% (at day 80), respectively. The NP concentration of in shoots of Brassica Parachinensis and Raphanus Sativus increased with the initial NP concentration in soil. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) of shoots and roots of Brassica parachinensis and Raphanus Sativus were between 0.28 and 1.76. The transportation of NP from roots to shoots of Brassica Parachinensis is higher than that accumulation in its roots, while NP were accumulated in the roots of Raphanus Sativus. Moreover, the accumulation of Raphanus Sativus is higher than Brassica Parachinensis. Thus, the contamination risk of NP in the edible parts of vegetables increased. It is harmful to agricultural product safety..With different solvents (methanol, dichloromethane/methanol (9:1,V:V), acetone, dichloromethane), the efficiency of extraction of NP of soil had significant difference. The efficiency of extraction is best with dichloromethane/methanol (9:1,V:V). Supersonic extraction has higher extracting rate than soxhlet extraction. The extracting rate of NP in soil decreased as the increase of aging time of soil. Among four different soil (paday soil, garden soil, lateritic red soil and sandy soil), the NP extracting rate of sandy soil is the highest. Compared to the pot experiments of Brassica Parachinensis, the efficiency of solvent extraction method is better.
结题摘要
壬基酚(NP)是一种具有环境雌激素效应的有机污染物。本项目采用田间调查采样、室内盆栽试验和溶剂萃取试验相结合的方法以及HPLC分析技术，调查研究了典型蔬菜基地土壤和蔬菜中NP的分布特征及其在不同蔬菜-土壤-水系统中NP的生物有效性及其迁移分布规律。结果表明，深圳、东莞与惠州不同蔬菜基地土壤与蔬菜中均检测到NP和壬基酚一氧乙烯醚（NP1EO），浓度在1.0~10μg/kg，NP和NP1EO平均浓度由高到低次序为：东莞＞惠州＞深圳。土壤添加NP盆栽菜心和萝卜后，土壤中NP含量均有一定程度下降，土壤NP的消失率分别为41.58%～64.76%和43.58%～53.56%；随着壬基酚添加浓度的增加，菜心和萝卜茎叶中的NP含量显著增加，对NP的生物富集系数为0.28～1.76。NP向菜心茎叶迁移及滞留在萝卜块根的NP分别高于向菜心根系的累积及向萝卜茎叶的累积，萝卜对NP的富集能力略高于菜心。因此，对蔬菜可食用部分污染风险相应增高，不利于农产品的安全。不同溶剂对土壤中NP的提取效率存在显著差异，以二氯甲烷/甲醇（9:1,V:V）的提取效率为最佳。超声提取法效率高于索氏提取法。