中文摘要
缺少合适的实验方法、材料属性过于理想是目前影响功能梯度材料断裂研究的"瓶颈"，是制约功能梯度材料应用发展的关键因素。本课题利用创新的实验方法，对具有任意实际属性的功能梯度材料的静动态断裂力学行为进行全面系统的实验研究与分析。首先，对实验方法进行有益的探索，提出两种现代光测方法（相干梯度敏感方法、数字散斑相关方法）的改进方案，为今后各种新材料的断裂行为研究提供有效的实验手段；其次，采用粉末冶金技术制备沿某一方向具有任意属性的功能梯度材料；最后，以具有任意属性功能梯度材料为研究对象，利用所提出的实验方法进行静动态断裂力学研究，提取各种断裂力学参量，分析不同材料梯度对断裂特性的影响，建立功能梯度材料的断裂准则，并验证已有的功能梯度材料断裂力学理论。本课题立足解决功能梯度材料断裂力学和实验力学领域的基本难题，具有非常重要的学术意义和应用前景，对功能梯度材料的设计、制造及应用开发具有重要的实际意义。
英文摘要
Now the study on fracture behaviors of functionally graded materials(FGMs) is seriously limited by the experimental methods and material properties. This is badly influencing the actual application of FGMs. In this project, the static and dynamic fracture behaviors of FGMs with arbitrary properties will be fully investigated and analyzed through new experimental methods. Firstly, the experimental methods are studied. Two optical experimental methods, coherent gradient sensing and digital speckle correlation are improved. This will provide the effective experimental means for study on fracture behaviors of various new materials. Secondly, FGMs with arbitrary properties along the thickness direction are prepared. Finally, the fracture mechanics parameters of FGMs with arbitrary properties are calculated through two improved experimental methods. The influences of gradient on fracture characteristic are researched. And the existing fracture mechanics theories of FGMs are inspected based on the results of the experiments. The project aims not only to solve the difficult foundational problems in fracture mechanics field of FGMs and experimental mechanics field, but also to meet the needs of improving the evaluation theory of materials. Therefore, the research is important in the science fields and can be used in the engineering fields. It can effectively promote the design, production and application of FGMs.
结题摘要
缺少合适的实验方法、材料属性过于理想是目前影响功能梯度材料断裂研究的"瓶颈"，是制约功能梯度材料应用发展的关键因素。本课题利用创新的实验方法，对具有任意实际属性的功能梯度材料的静动态断裂力学行为进行全面系统的实验研究与分析。首先，对实验方法进行有益的探索，提出两种现代光测方法（相干梯度敏感方法、数字散斑相关方法）的改进方案，为今后各种新材料的断裂行为研究提供有效的实验手段；其次，采用粉末冶金技术制备沿某一方向具有任意属性的功能梯度材料；最后，以具有任意属性功能梯度材料为研究对象，利用所提出的实验方法进行静动态断裂力学研究，提取各种断裂力学参量，分析不同材料梯度对断裂特性的影响，建立功能梯度材料的断裂准则，并验证已有的功能梯度材料断裂力学理论。本课题立足解决功能梯度材料断裂力学和实验力学领域的基本难题，具有非常重要的学术意义和应用前景，对功能梯度材料的设计、制造及应用开发具有重要的实际意义。