中文摘要
有效恢复受损生态系统的植被和土壤,建立优质、高效、持续稳定的森林生态系统是我国华南地区经济可持续发展的关键。本项目运用生物多样性和生态位等生态学原理,建立大规模森林生态系统野外控制实验平台,开展丘陵荒坡人工林植被恢复和改造的研究。主要包括:(1)"生物多样性"实验。建立了乡土树种和外来速生树种纯林,及乡土树种混交林等多种恢复模式,共24个1公顷的样地。(2)"空间生态位"实验。在4种植被类型下进行灌草剔除和/或添加等处理,共48个100平方米的样方。主要研究人工林生态系统恢复的几个关键问题,即:植被恢复先锋群落配置、物种选择及其适应性、植物物种及群落空间配置对乡土物种定居和土壤生物多样性的影响、植被恢复进程中的土壤性状变化以及不同人工林生态系统的碳收支等。该项目阐明了豆科植物作为先锋树种的优越性和速生树种对土壤氮素流失的缓解作用;区分了桉树和相思的凋落物和根系对乡土树种的影响,提出了相应的乡土树种定植策略。同时,自行设计了根系呼吸原位测定系统,发现粗根和细根对生态系统碳排放的贡献相当,及幼龄尾叶桉林有极强的碳汇功能。此研究将为丘陵荒坡的生态恢复和残次林的改造提供理论依据和示范样板。
英文摘要
It is critical for the sustainable development of economy in southern China to restore the vegetation and soil of degraded ecosystem and thus establish the forest ecosystems of high quality, efficiency and stability. In this project, a large scale field experimental platform of forest ecosystem was established under the guideline of the fundamental ecological principles such as biodiversity and niche theories. The main focus of the project was the vegetation restoration and forest reconstruction in degraded hillyland. The major experiments includ: (1) "biodiversity" experiment, which consisted of various patterns of restoration models, i.e., grass land (control plots), monoculture plantations of native tree species or exotic fast-growing tree species, and mixed plantations of native tree species, with 24 sampling plots (1 ha. for each); (2) "spatial niche" experiment, where understory species were removed and/or added in four selected plantations, with 48 sampling plots (100 m2 for each). The project tried to address several key issues about the restoration of plantation ecosystems, i.e., the configuration of pioneer community, tree species adaptation and selection; the impacts of spatial configuration of plant species and communities on the establishment of native tree species and soil biodiversity; variation o
结题摘要
有效恢复受损生态系统的植被和土壤,建立优质、高效、持续稳定的森林生态系统是我国华南地区经济可持续发展的关键。本项目运用生物多样性和生态位等生态学原理,建立大规模森林生态系统野外控制实验平台,开展丘陵荒坡人工林植被恢复和改造的研究。主要包括:(1)"生物多样性"实验。建立了乡土树种和外来速生树种纯林,及乡土树种混交林等多种恢复模式,共24个1公顷的样地。(2)"空间生态位"实验。在4种植被类型下进行灌草剔除和/或添加等处理,共48个100平方米的样方。主要研究人工林生态系统恢复的几个关键问题,即:植被恢复先锋群落配置、物种选择及其适应性、植物物种及群落空间配置对乡土物种定居和土壤生物多样性的影响、植被恢复进程中的土壤性状变化以及不同人工林生态系统的碳收支等。该项目阐明了豆科植物作为先锋树种的优越性和速生树种对土壤氮素流失的缓解作用;区分了桉树和相思的凋落物和根系对乡土树种的影响,提出了相应的乡土树种定植策略。同时,自行设计了根系呼吸原位测定系统,发现粗根和细根对生态系统碳排放的贡献相当,及幼龄尾叶桉林有极强的碳汇功能。此研究将为丘陵荒坡的生态恢复和残次林的改造提供理论依据和示范样板。
