雨生红球藻是虾青素的主要来源（含量一般为1.5～3.0%）。虾青素是一种红色的天然色素，具有极强的着色力、抗氧化作用和其它药用功能，在药物、化妆品、水产动物和家畜养殖工业中有着重要的作用。从雨生红球藻中分离、纯化虾青素以及雨生红球藻有效成分的分析检测和药用功能研究，已有大量国内外文献报道。但是，利用超临界流体萃取技术提取分离虾青素等有效成分的研究报道相对较少。本课题将采用超临界流体萃取和其它分离技术，从雨生红球藻中分离、纯化出虾青素及其它有效成分纯品, 制备虾青素等有效成分的超细微粒和微囊，寻找控制超细微粒和微囊形态、粒度及粒度分布的有效方法。利用超临界流体沉淀技术对虾青素等有效成分进行超细化和微囊化的研究是本课题的创新点，这方面的研究还未见报道。课题成果将为内蒙古兰太实业股份有限公司生物工程分公司开发雨生红球藻粉及虾青素等新产品提供基础实验数据。

Four kinds of compounds were isolated and purified from Haematococcus pluvialis by use of solvent extraction and column chromatography, and the compounds are 3 - (2,6 - diethoxyphenyl) -3,4,7,8 - tetrahydro -1,4, 4,7,7,10 - hexamethyl -3,8 - phenanthroline (Ⅰ), stigmasterol (Ⅱ), 7 - ethoxy -2,3,3a, 4 - tetrahydro-3a, 6 - dimethyl - [1,3] triazine [6,5,4-ij] isoquinoline -2 - ol (Ⅲ), astaxanthin (Ⅴ). The extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis was studied by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method, and the effect of process parameters on the extraction rate was examined. The isomers of pure astaxanthin were isolated using high-performance liquid chromatography and the astaxanthin isomers were identified used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. .The micronization of compound Ⅰ was studied by Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions process. The micronization of astaxanthin and coating of astaxanthin use polymer (polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone) were studied via the Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical fluid (SEDS) technology, and the microsphere or microcapsule of astaxanthin/ polymer were obtained. In order to carry out a series of studies, the micronization and microencapsulated of other natural pigments such as carotene, lutein, emodin also were examined..The morphology, particle size of particles and coating the dispersion morphology of natural pigments in the particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The influences of process conditions on the particle size and morphology of ultrafine particles, microspheres or microcapsules were investigated.

以雨生红球藻为原料，利用溶剂提取和柱色谱的方法，分离纯化出3-(2,6-双乙氧苯基)-3,4,7,8-四氢-1,4,4,7,7,10-六甲基-3,8-二氮杂菲(Ⅰ)，豆甾醇(Ⅱ)，7-乙氧基-2,3,3a,4-四氢-3a,6-二甲基-[1,3]嗪[6,5,4-ij]异喹啉-2-醇(Ⅲ)，虾青素(Ⅴ)四种化合物。采用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术对雨生红球藻中虾青素的提取进行了研究，考察了工艺参数对提取率的影响。利用高效液相色谱法对虾青素纯品的异构体进行了分离，并用液质联用方法对虾青素的异构体进行了鉴定。采用超临界溶液快速膨胀过程对化合物Ⅰ进行了超细化研究，采用超临界流体强制分散溶液过程，对虾青素进行了超细化研究，并用高聚物（聚乙二醇及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮）对天然虾青素进行了包覆，制备出了虾青素/聚合物微球或微囊。为了进行系列研究，还研究了胡萝卜素、叶黄素、大黄素等天然色素的超细化和微囊化。利用扫描电镜、X-射线衍射等分析手段对天然色素的超细化、微球或微胶囊化产物的形貌、超细粒度及包覆产物中的分散形态进行了分析和表征。研究了工艺条件对超细微粒、微球或微囊粒径及形态的影响规律。