中文摘要
针对内蒙古春玉米主产区干旱半干旱的气候特点，围绕水资源短缺且利用效率低是限制平原灌区春玉米生产可持续发展的主要障碍因子，以提高水分利用效率为中心，以高产为目标，以不同春玉米基因型和品种为材料，在不同覆膜和灌水条件下研究产量形成的差异和水分利用效率关键调控和补偿机理。主要研究成果如下：（1）通过玉米叶片光合特性和水分利用效率相关性状综合评价，筛选春玉米水分高效利用基因型3个，明确了不同基因型WUE差异性机理和玉米水分高效利用的生理机制；探讨了叶片气孔因素和PSⅡ活性与WUE的关系，提出叶绿素荧光参数中Fo和Fv/Fm值的变化幅度可作为WUE鉴定的主要指标。（2）明确了春玉米行间覆膜的水分高效利用机理。通过膜面集雨保墒，促进根系发育以及调节根系向耕层以下分布，提高了玉米对降水和灌溉水的利用效率；通过提高叶片光合性能和WUE,协调源库关系，实现了节水和高产的同步。（3）明确了不同灌溉次数、调亏灌溉和隔沟交替灌溉水分高效利用的生理基础。调亏灌溉、隔沟交替灌溉，可通过提高叶片保护酶系统活性、促进根系向土体深层扩展以及非叶器官对产量形成的超补偿作用，提高WUE20%，增产15%以上。
英文摘要
Aiming at the arid-semiarid climate characteristic in Inner Mongolia, taking water lack and inefficient water-use as the main impediment gene which restricting the sustainable development of spring maize production in irrigating plain, taking high water-use efficiency as the center, high corn yield as the goal and different maize genotype and cultivars as the stuff.The differentia of yield forming and the controlling mechanism of water-use efficiency was researched under different film mulching and irrigating conditions, the main result was expounded below.(1)Based on a synthetic evaluation of leaf photosynthetic and WUE characteristics,3 high WUE genotypes were selected out.And the difference of different genotype and the mechanism of high WUE were definited.The relationship of stomatal factor, PSⅡactivity and the WUE was researched,the result showed that the change range of Fo and Fv/Fm could be the main indexes of identifying WUE difference for maize. (2) The mechanism of high WUE of covering film beside rows of maize was definited.Covering film beside rows heightened the use efficiency of rain and irrigated water through water collection by film and improving roots growth.Because of the coordination of source and sink and the heightening of photosynthetic and WUE of leaves, the yield and the YWUE were both
结题摘要
针对内蒙古春玉米主产区干旱半干旱的气候特点，围绕水资源短缺且利用效率低是限制平原灌区春玉米生产可持续发展的主要障碍因子，以提高水分利用效率为中心，以高产为目标，以不同春玉米基因型和品种为材料，在不同覆膜和灌水条件下研究产量形成的差异和水分利用效率关键调控和补偿机理。主要研究成果如下：（1）通过玉米叶片光合特性和水分利用效率相关性状综合评价，筛选春玉米水分高效利用基因型3个，明确了不同基因型WUE差异性机理和玉米水分高效利用的生理机制；探讨了叶片气孔因素和PSⅡ活性与WUE的关系，提出叶绿素荧光参数中Fo和Fv/Fm值的变化幅度可作为WUE鉴定的主要指标。（2）明确了春玉米行间覆膜的水分高效利用机理。通过膜面集雨保墒，促进根系发育以及调节根系向耕层以下分布，提高了玉米对降水和灌溉水的利用效率；通过提高叶片光合性能和WUE,协调源库关系，实现了节水和高产的同步。（3）明确了不同灌溉次数、调亏灌溉和隔沟交替灌溉水分高效利用的生理基础。调亏灌溉、隔沟交替灌溉，可通过提高叶片保护酶系统活性、促进根系向土体深层扩展以及非叶器官对产量形成的超补偿作用，提高WUE20%，增产15%以上。